Need for reorganization in agrucultural extension services in Turkey

Today, in the majority of developing countries, the agricultural sector still maintains its importance in the economy. In a rapidly changing world, developing countries are facing more complex issues as a result of the innovations in agricultural and food industries. In these countries, public agricultural extension and training activities are reducing the problems of the agricultural sector and has important role in the rural development. Therefore, governments, assumes the financial burden of agricultural extension work carried out. In this study, agricultural extension programs in Hatay province are examined within the framework of rural development. The agricultural extension practices being carried out in the region have been evaluated in terms of the agricultural production processes and other agricultural issues needed by producers. Implemented during the period discussed in agricultural extension activities, demonstration, field days, courses, meetings, competitions and various campaigns have been executed. During those activities, the printed material prepared in various subjects were distributed among farmers. In addition, technical training for extension personnel was organized within the scope of the development of agricultural extension capacity. Although extension studies in the region have increased in terms of number of participants and activities over time, it has been found that there are some problems about extension staff and organization. For the delivery of more efficient extension services to farmers, cooperation with the university and the increase of the use of information communication technologies are suggested. Kamu Tarımsal Yayım Programlarının Değerlendirilmesi: Hatay İli Örneği (Türkiye) Özet Bugün, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin çoğunda tarım sektörü hala ekonomideki önemini korumaktadır. Hızla değişen dünyada, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin tarım ve gıda sektörü, yeni teknolojik gelişmeler nedeniyle, daha karmaşık sorunlarla karşı karşıyadır. Bu ülkelerdeki kamu tarımsal yayım ve eğitim çalışmaları, kırsal kesimin sorunlarının azaltılmasında ve kalkınmasında önemli role sahiptir. Bu nedenle hükümetler, yürütülen tarımsal yayım çalışmalarının maliyetlerini üstlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Hatay ilinde yürütülen kamu tarımsal yayım programları, kırsal kalkınma çerçevesinde incelenmiştir. Bölgede yürütülmekte olan tarımsal yayım uygulamaları, üreticilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu, tarımsal üretim süreçleri ve diğer tarımsal konular bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Ele alınan dönemde uygulanan tarımsal yayım çalışmaları arasında gösteriler, tarla günleri, kurslar, çiftçi toplantıları, yarışmalar ve çeşitli kampanyalar yer almıştır. Bu faaliyetler sırasında çeşitli konularda hazırlanmış olan basılı materyal çiftçilere dağıtılmıştır. Bunun yanında, tarımsal yayım kapasitesinin geliştirilmesi kapsamında, yayım personeline yönelik teknik eğitimler düzenlenmiştir. Bölgede yürütülen yayım çalışmalarında, zaman içinde katılımcı ve faaliyet sayısı bakımından artışlar olsa da, yayım personeli ve organizasyonu bakımından bazı sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Çiftçilere daha etkin yayım hizmeti sunumu için, üniversite ile işbirliği ve bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanımının artırılması, ilgililere önerilmektedir.

African Journal of Agricultural Research, 2009

Agricultural sector is one of the most sluggish and inefficient sectors in Turkey, the main reasons behind this are excessive rural population, small farm sizes and inefficient farm management. One of the most important tools to solve these issues is the extension service. This study aims to find out the factors that influence the people's incentives to receive extension services in Northeast Anatolia region of Turkey. For this end, a survey study on 600 farmers from 30 forest villages was conducted. Using this data, a limited dependent variable model with binomial probit estimation procedure was estimated. The study results imply that education level of farmers needs to be increased, young farmers must be encouraged to involve in farming and farmers should be supported to increase their farm sizes in order to have more effective extension services.

2009

Agriculture and agricultural extension service are facing numerous problems in present times when good solutions are not easy to find. Providing of agricultural extension service is important foreign-political instrument of a state which has stimulates the development of agricultural production. Agricultural extension service must provide effective link between holdings-producers, agricultural research and other sources of information. Agricultural extension agents must be aware of psycho-social and social aspects of group action and individual counselling. Therefore, one of priorities in agricultural development of our country is rising of the level of extension operation and establishment of extension service based on modern principles. This is the reason why in this paper, some of the traits of the genesis of extension services were indicated, as well as types of extension services and models of the organization, financing and human resources at disposal and structuring of these ...

Int. J. Agricult. Stat. Sci., 2023

This research mainly aims to identify the level of impact of the agricultural extension system on rural agricultural development from the farmers' point of view in Halabja Governorate. The research population included all farmers in Halabja governorate, numbered (2735) farmers distributed over (141) villages. A simple random sample was taken from the villages, at a rate of (14.18%), with a total of (20) villages, the number of farmers in these villages reached (515) farmers, then a proportional random sample was taken by (20%) of the research population, so the sample size was (103) farmers. A questionnaire was prepared to consist of two parts, the first of which included the personal variables of the respondents, as for the second part of the questionnaire, consisted of two axes: the first axis is measuring the impact of the agricultural extension system on rural agricultural development, and the second axis, it is measuring the extent to which farmers benefit from the agricultural fields. The results showed that the majority of respondents believe that the level of impact of the Agricultural Extension Service is low on rural development in Halabja Governorate. The results also showed that the extent to which the respondents benefited from the agricultural fields provided by the extension system was low and tended to be medium, and there is a discrepancy in the respondents' opinions about the impact of the agricultural extension system on rural development according to the research variables (exposure to information sources, farmer's attitude towards agricultural extension services), while there is no discrepancy according to the research variables (age, gender, educational level, agricultural experience, sources of information, type of farm holding). Therefore, the researchers recommend improving the performance of the Agricultural Extension system by modernizing its infrastructure, developing training programs for its employees and providing the necessary technical consultations in various fields related to agriculture.

aep.wur.nl

The aim of this study was to discuss the role and importance of education and extension services to rural women development in farming systems (animal husbandry, dairy and livestock production, protected cultivation irrigated and non-irrigated field crop production, orchard growing etc.) education level, availability of local handcraft activities and job creation possibilities in Turkey. Human resource and its qualifications are very important in terms of reaching the community and economic development. The importance of women in the world in development for more than 30 years has become remarkable. Therefore, all countries including developed and developing countries have conducted some studies oriented to women in the framework of the human resource development. Although women play a major role in food production in many countries of the world, agricultural information is not effectively reaching and benefiting these key persons in the food security chain. There is a recognized need to improve agricultural extension work with rural women. A significant problem is that in many courses of study, in-service training and education in extension methodology there is insufficient examination and discussion of the roles of rural men and women in agricultural production and rural development. Too little time allocated to gender analysis and a participatory approach aimed at solving the problem of how extension work can effectively be carried out with rural women. Although women are one part of the two gender groups in the community, they have less benefit from the resources compared with men particularly in developing countries. Furthermore, indicators of rural women are much lower than women living urban area. This situation is also valid for Turkey. For this reason, extension training for adults in the framework of the adult education has been considered very important area for the people dealing with agricultural production with respect to develop qualifications of population, to provide new skills and to increase their efficiency.

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological …

Problem statement: Jordan's agricultural extension service is seriously under-staffed and its effectiveness is consequently compromised. Reservations are being expressed about the performance and capability of the agricultural extension system in Jordan. The performance of this sector has been disappointing and has failed to transfer agricultural technology to the farmers. The main objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of Jordan's agricultural extension services. Approach: The effect of extension services on olive productivity in the study area was investigated. A total number of 60 olive producers were selected to be interviewed for this study. This number was enough to achieve the study objectives. The interviewed producers were distributed almost equally within olive production locations in the study area. The sample obtained through the simple random sampling technique. The two groups had been chosen and distributed randomly into an experimental group (30 farmers; 10 for each source of extension service) and control group (30 farmers). The experimental group received extension services and the control group received no extension services. Two interview-cum-structured questionnaires were designed and used to collect information and data for this study. The first instrument was designed for farmers who received extension services and the second from farmers who received no extension services. Another questionnaire was designed for administrators of extension organizations concerned with providing extension services to farmers. To find the differences that may exist between two studied groups, One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), t-test and LSD test via Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) were used. The average net profit obtained from an area of one dynamo of olive farm was the main item to be considered in determining the effectiveness of agricultural extension activities. Results and Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that the net profit of farmers who received extension services is almost the same as those who do not receive any extension services. The provided extension services made no difference in the achievement of farmers regarding their production and consequently their net profits. The three main investigated sources of extension services provide inadequate and less effective extension services. To overcome most of the obstacles facing extension programs in Jordan the government should impart extensive in-service agricultural trainings to train the extension personnel to cope with the growing needs of farmers. The establishment of field demonstration sites, pilot sites on farmers' fields around the demonstrations is another important issues to be covered.

International Journal of Research and Scientific Innovation (IJRSI), 2016

Farming is for rural people; therefore agricultural extension service is also for rural people. It has no closing time or opening time. So, it is informal in nature, which brings about a desirable change in rural people. Keeping this point in view, an attempt has been made in this paper to highlight the need of agriculture extension services based on the information needs of farmers. It covers the information requirements of farmers and states the objectives based on which the agriculture extension services need to be designed for effectively serving the information needs of the farmers. The paper also highlights the different types and methods of extension services, and briefly provides the important features of two Indian agriculture repositories; Agropedia and e-Arik.