RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN WATER IN THE REGION OF TOKAT CITY IN TURKEY

Indoor and Built Environment, 2007

Radon, a naturally occurring radioactive noble gas, is the main source of the natural radiation that is received by the population. It derives from the traces of radium in rocks and can diffuse directly or as solution in water to the earth's surface. Measurements of radium and radon concentration in a total of ten different well waters sampled at about 100 m depth in the Afyonkarahisar area of Turkey have been made. It was found that the concentration ranged from 0.42-28.82 Bq·L Ϫ1 for radon and from 0.07-7.16 Bq·L Ϫ1 for radium. A 99% correlation between radon and radium concentrations was found. From these data the average annual effective dose equivalent from radon and radium in the water have been estimated to about 73.8 and 778.96 Sv·y Ϫ1 , respectively.

2019

Background: Radon as a potential risk of radiation exposure is a natural radioactive element that can emit from rocks and soils. Due to solubility in water, it can be inhaled or consumed by the public. The purpose of this study was carrying out measurement and evaluation of radon concentration in samples of drinking water which are collected from water supplies of Borujerd. Materials and Methods: Dose This research was performed to estimate the annual average effective dose (mSva) to the public from dissolved Rn of 16 drinking water supplies of Borujerd, western part of Iran. The methodology of the study includes utilizing radon monitoring apparatus, RTM 1688-2, to meter the concentrations of Rn and Rn dissolved in samples. Results: The measured average of radon concentration was 3.451 Bq.l which was lower than 11 Bq.l (the EPA level recommended for drinking water). Total radon annual effective dose, ranged from 5.4×10 to 72.1×10 mSv.a with an average of 34.9×10 mSv.a which was insi...

International Journal of Nuclear Energy Science and Technology, 2018

In this study, the concentration of radon in water has been measured for 17 samples from different regions of Al-Kifl in the province of Babylon, Iraq. This study was performed using the electronic radon detector RADH 2 O, where the highest value was 0.199 Bq.L-1 and the lowest value was 0.0 Bq.L-1 and the effective dose for human exposure to radon average is 5.09*10-7 Sv.y-1. The results of radon concentrations and annual effective dose in all samples show no significant radiological risk for the inhabitants in the region of study. We have chosen this subject for the current study because of the importance of water in human life and living, and the lack of previous studies in this study area.

Agricultural Journal, 2011

One of the most important characterizations of social health is existence the availability of safe drinking water. Since one of the sources of water contamination is nuclear contamination from radon gas, so in this research radon 222 concentration levels in water supplies in the Toyserkan (a region located in the west of Iran) is investigated. For measuring radon gas in water wells and springs Lucas chamber method is used. Review the results of these measurements that taken from 15th place show that, only five sites have radon concentrations above the limit dose. To reduce radon concentration, it is better to keep water in open pools in contact with air before the water is delivered to users.

International journal of radiation research, 2016

Background: Radioac ve substances are water chemical contaminants. In this study, the concentra on of radon was measured in drinking water supplies of Ta villages (part of Dehshir-Ba fault located in central part of Iran) and also Shirkooh area with granite rocks (containing uranium). Materials and Methods: This cross sec onal research was conducted in fall 2013 and winter 2014 on the sources of drinking water and also drinking water network of Ta city of Yazd province. According to the measured radon levels; the annual effec ve absorbed dose was also calculated. Results: Minimum and maximum levels of radon gas were related to sample number 54 (0.88 BqL -1 ) and number 31 (43.01BqL -1 ). Range of radon concentra ons was 1.88-43.01 BqL -1 in samples of wells in private homes, 0.88-20.36 BqL -1 in supplier wells of public network of drinking water, 1.23-10.29 BqL -1 in aqueducts, 1.23-11.49 BqL -1 in water tap connected to the public network and 12.89 BqL -1 in one measured spring. The annual effec ve absorbed dose through drinking and breathing in an environment that this water is used ranged from 0.00 msv/y (sample No.54) to 0.11 mSv/y (sample No.31). Conclusion: Radon concentra on was lower than the limit set by the Environmental Protec on Agency of United States of America, in 82% of samples. Samples with high radon concentra ons were located around Shirkooh area due to the presence of grani c rocks. Dehshir and Garizat villages located through Dehshir -Ba fault and the Radon concentra on of these samples was less than the permissible limit, probably due to the inac ve Fault.

International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

The consumption of bottled natural mineral water has become more popular in Turkey due to the faith about the helpful medicinal and therapeutic impacts of mineral waters including various dissolved minerals. However, mineral water derived from groundwater contains natural radioactive radon gas which is one of the important sources of natural radiation. In this study, the activity levels of radon in forty-nine bottled natural plain and fruit-flavoured mineral water samples of twenty-two commercially brands sold in Turkish markets were determined using an active radon gas monitoring system. The pH, conductivity, salinity, and total dissolved solids of mineral water samples were also measured using standard laboratory methods. The total annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of radon in mineral water samples was estimated for infants, children, and adults to assess the health risk caused by internal exposure. The activity concentrations of radon measured in mineral water samples varied from 30.6 to 57.6 mBq L −1 with an average of 43.1 ± 6.1 mBq L −1. The average total annual effective dose was found as 0.42, 0.26 and 0.36 µSv for infants, children and adults, respectively. All measured radon concentrations and estimated annual effective dose values are within the within recommended limits by the WHO and European Union for drinking water. It can be concluded that the effective radiation dose from the radon in bottled natural mineral water samples investigated is very low and creates a negligible health risk for the public.

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2011

Radon is a radioactive noble gas of a natural origin. It is worthy to carry out the distribution of radon ( 222 Rn) activity concentration and their annual effective dose exposure in drinking water samples from University of Babylon (100 Km) south of capital Baghdad. Water samples were collected before and after winter season and analyzed using RAD7connected to a RAD-H 2 O accessory. The measured Radon concentration ranges from (0.072 Bq.L -1 ) in N7 (Education College) to (0.325 Bq.L -1 ) in N2 ( Basic Education College) with an mean value of (0.183 Bq.L -1 ). The measured values of Radon concentration are well in the range within the EPA's maximum contaminant level of (11.1Bq.L -1 ). The total annual effective dose resulting from Radon in drinking water were (1.74 Sv.y -1 ) significantly lower than the (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR recommended limit for members of the public of (1 mSv.y -1 ). Has been chosen this subject of the current study of the importance of water in human life and living, and the lack of previous studies in the study area.

Radon and its radioactive progenies in indoor places are recognized as the main sources of public exposure from the natural radioactive sources. Exposure to radon occurs when breathing airborne radon while using water: showering, washing dishes, cooking and drinking water that contain radon. In the present research, number of (197) drinking water samples were collected from various places and supplies of public water used in Kassala State, Eastern Sudan, which has about 2 million population. Then radon concentration has been measured by using passive integrated solid-state nuclear track devices containing allyl diglycol carbonate plastic detectors. Results show that about 82.74% of water samples exceeded EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) recommendation for maximum contaminant level (MCL) for radon in drinking water of 11.1 Bq/l and have radon concentration gathered than 10 Bq/L, which advised EPA as a normal level. According to measurements data, the arithmetic mean of radon concentration for all samples was 15.94 ± 4.03 Bq/L. Similarly, the annual effective dose in stomach and lung per person has been evaluated in this research. According to the advice of WHO and EU Council, the total annual effective dose lowers than 0.1 mSv/y.

Journal of Water and Health, 2016

Water samples collected from different sources were analysed for radon concentrations in order to evaluate the health effect associated with radon in water. The radon concentrations were in the range of 3.56-98.57, 0.88-25.49, 0.73-1.35 and 0.24-1.03 Bq.L À1 for borehole, well, packaged and utility water, respectively. Samples from boreholes had the highest radon concentrations with about 67% being higher than the threshold value of 11.1 Bq.L À1 recommended by the USEPA. The mean annual effective dose (AED) due to ingestion for adult, child and infant ranged from 8.71 × 10 À3 to 0.831 mSv.y À1 for the different sources. The mean AED calculated for consuming water from boreholes and wells for the three age groups were higher than the recommended reference dose level of 0.1 mSv.y À1. The mean AED due to inhalation of radon in drinking water was negligible, ranging from 0.13 to 6.20 μSv.y À1. The health burden associated with radon in water in the study is through ingestion of water directly from boreholes.

BMC Research …, 2012

Background: Radon gas is considered as a main risk factor for lung cancer and found naturally in rock, soil, and water. The objective of this study was to determine the radon level in the drinking water sources in Nablus city in order to set up a sound policy on water management in Palestine.