Determination of The Radiation Shielding Performance of MoO2 Addition On PbO by Monte Carlo Simulation

Journal of Engineering Research, 2020

Our goal in this research is to investigate the effect of concrete incorporated with nanoparticles of lead oxide in powder form by different percentages on Gamma-ray shielding characteristics. The lead oxide nanostructure was synthesized through the reaction of citric acid (C6H7O8.H2O) solution and lead acetate (Pb (C2H3O2)) solution as stabilizer and precursor, respectively. In this synthesis, the prepared lead oxide nanostructure was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques. The prepared PbO consists of the crystallites about 50 nm. The concrete samples were prepared according to the local standards of building materials and doped with PbO nano powders by different percentages, 0%, 5%and 10% (by weight) by replacing cement and keeping constant w/c ratio. Moreover, commercial PbO bulk powder additive was used to check the effect of particle size on concrete attenuation properties. The γrays attenuation coefficients were measured as a function of the additive percentage of nanoparticles of lead oxides and using γray point source, 126 Ra with different energies in the range (0.295-1.73) MeV. The results were compared with that for normal concrete incorporated with the same percentage of bulk lead oxide. It was found that the γ-ray attenuation coefficient for concrete doped with nanoparticles of PbO was slightly improved.

Jurnal teknologi reaktor nuklir Tri Dasa Mega, 2023

Lead is the most commonly used material for radiation shielding, even though it has toxic properties. This study aims to identify alternative, leadfree, and non-toxic materials for gamma radiation shielding using Monte Carlo simulations. Bismuth Oxide (Bi2O3), Barium Oxide (BaO), Tungsten Trioxide (WO3), Tungsten Dioxide (WO2), and Molybdenum Trioxide (MoO3) were selected as potential substitutes for lead. Pure lead (Pb) and Lead Oxide (PbO) were used for comparison. The simulation were performed using Particle Heavy Ion Tracking System (PHITS) software, with a gamma energy of 662 keV. The result of the simulation shows that the linear attenuation coefficient values for Pb and PbO were 0.902 mm -1 and 0.74 mm -1 respectively. Meanwhile, the simulation results of those simulated materials that are closest to Pb and PbO are Bi2O3 and WO2 with an attenuation coefficient of 0.71 mm -1 . This simulation shows that for non-lead materials, BiO2 and WO2 have potential as alternative of non-lead radiation shielding.

Arab Journal of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, 2021

Article history: Received: 2nd May 2021 Accepted: 15th Aug. 2021 In this work, Lead Borate glass system doped with sodium is prepared and fabricated using the melt-quenching technique. The glasses are prepared based on the empirical formula of xPbO, (80-x) B2O3, 20Na2O (where x=0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50). The densities of the samples are measured based on the Archimedes method by using Benzene as an immersion liquid. The radiation shielding parameters of the prepared glass samples have been measured experimentally and calculated theoretically. The experimental mass attenuation coefficients are obtained using a shielded NaI(Tl) detector at photon energies of 511, 662, and 1173 keV of the radioactive sources Na, Cs, and Co respectively, where collimators of an aperture diameter 3 mm are used to ensure that the detector absorbs a narrow beam of gamma rays. The calculated mass attenuation coefficients (μm), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), ef...

Scientific Reports

In this work, morphological and attenuation parameters of gamma ray protection were studied. Dimethyl polysiloxane (Silicon Rubber) Mixed with micro-size and nano-size lead oxide particles at different weight percentage were prepared. The morphological structure of PbO/SR composites was investigated by SEM test, according to SEM images the nano PbO particles are more uniform micro PbO particles. The radiation attenuation test was carried out using 3ʺ × 3ʺ NaI (TI) detector for (Am-241), (Cs-137), (Co-60), (Ba-133), and (Eu-152). The effect on attenuation property of SR-PbO shown that the increase of PbO filler significantly increases the linear attenuation coefficient and improve the other radiation protection parameters especially at low gamma energy. It's found that a significant agreement between the experimental result and theoretical result from Xcom program. In this study it's found matrix filled with nano-PbO have higher gamma shielding ability compared to micro-PbO m...

Iraqi Journal of Industrial Research, 2024

The imperative advancement of gamma-ray shielding materials is pivotal for ensuring radioactive and nuclear safety. In this study, our objective was to ascertain key gamma ray shielding parameters, including the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), effective atomic number (Zeff), half-value layer (HVL), effective electronic density (Neff), mean free path (MFP), and exposure buildup factor (EBF), for four oxyanion complexes (CaMoO4, PbCrO4, PbMoO4, or CaWO4). These calculations were performed using Phy-X software within the photon interaction range of 0.015-15 MeV. The investigated ternary chromate, tungstate, and molybdate complexes with the molecular formula ABO4, where A = Ca or Pb and B = Mo, Cr, or W, exhibited an exponential decrease in μm with increasing photon energy in the low-energy region. Lead molybdate demonstrated the highest μm followed by PbCrO4, CaWO4, and CaMoO4, correlating with their respective mean atomic numbers and densities. The mean free path values followed the order of PbMoO4, PbCrO4, CaWO4, and CaMoO4, indicating superior shielding properties due to effective mediumphoton interactions. The HVL increased with rising photon energy, with the minimum HVL observed in the presence of lead, primarily attributed to the photoelectric effect. Zeff exhibited a decrease with diminishing mean atomic number and density, with PbMoO4 displaying the highest Zeff, signifying superior γ-ray shielding capability. The exposure buildup factor (EBF) highlighted the interference of photons by calcium compared to lead compounds. The controlled parameters at low and high energy exposures were attributed to the anion and cation properties of the ternary ABO4, respectively. Among the evaluated materials, PbMoO4 emerged as the most effective gamma shielding material in the context of nuclear safety.

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2020

The aim of the present study is to fabricate an economical, easily workable and environmentally friendly X-ray and gamma ray-shielding composites using a coating method. Nano-and micron-size powders of WO 3 , PbO and Bi 2 O 3 were used as a substitution base for the shielding materials. After the synthesis of those materials, they were coated on fabric samples which were then exposed to an X-ray tube at 40, 70 and 120 kV voltages, 10 mAs, and 40 SID (i.e. the distance from the X-ray beam source to the specimen). They were also exposed to the gamma rays of a 137 Cs source. Attenuation percentages (AP), mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers (ef f) were calculated for different samples. It is evident from this study that polymer composites containing Bi 2 O 3 , WO 3 and PbO can be coated on fabrics, which is an effective method to produce flexible and wearable textiles such as aprons. The results indicated that, at low energy values, the attenuation of the samples which contain nano-particles is higher than that of those containing micro-particles. Also, at the energy level of 662keV, there is no difference between the samples containing micro and nanoparticles of WO 3 and Bi 2 O 3. However, a matrix containing microparticles of PbO has a higher mass attenuation coefficient than a matrix containing nano-particles of PbO. The study was partly dedicated to the comparison of the experimental and theoretical (MCNP4C) attenuation percentages of the micro samples of Bi 2 O 3 , WO 3 and PbO in exposure to ionizing radiation. As it was observed, at 40 kV, the experimental and theoretical results were almost the same for the three samples. At 70 kV and 120 kV, however, these results were significantly different in the case of the sample containing Bi 2 O 3 micro-particles.

Applied Physics A, 2019

The radiation shielding properties for glass system with the composition of xPbO-(100 − x)

Journal of Environmental Protection

In this work, the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead oxide and the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead nitrate composites were prepared as gamma-radiation shielding materials. The investigated materials were prepared with three different weight percentage of lead oxide and lead nitrate (30, 50 and 70 wt%). The mass attenuation coefficients (μm) for all composite samples were measured experimentally at 511 and 661.6 keV photon energies. The measurements were made by performing transmission experiments with a 3'' × 3'' NaI (Tl) scintillation detector, which had an energy resolution of 7% at 0.662 MeV for the gamma-rays from the decay of 137 Cs. The effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and the effective electron densities (Neff) were determined experimentally. Also they were determined theoretically using the obtained μm values for the studied composites samples by WinXCom program. The obtained results show that the experimental values of the composites are found to be in a good agreement with the theoretical values. It is recognized that the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), effective atomic numbers (Zeff) and the effective electron densities (Neff) are increased in the composite samples which contain lead oxides than which contain lead nitrates. Finally, the Styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)/lead oxide is better than Styrenebutadiene rubber (SBR)/lead nitrate polymer as gamma radiation shielding.

Naresuan University Journal: Science and Technology (NUJST), 2021

The aim of this research to study uncharged and charged radiation attenuation properties of xPbO-20SiO 2-10Na 2 O-(70x)B 2 O 3 glass system where x = 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mol %. Uncharged radiation has been simulated mass attenuation coefficient (µ m), effective atomic number (Z eff), effective electron density (N el), half value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP) and build-up factors (BFs) while parameters of charged radiations as alpha (He 2+) and proton (H +) particles have been calculated attenuation properties. The µ m , Z eff , N el , HVL and MFP values were derived from WinXCom program at energy ranging 1-10 8 keV. BFs values were determined using geometrical progression (G-P) fitting method for energy ranging 0.015-15 MeV at deep penetration 1-40 mfp (mean free path). While the alpha (He 2+) and proton (H +) particles attenuation properties were simulated from the SRIM software at energy ranging 0.01-10 MeV. The results reported that 60PbO-20SiO 2-10Na 2 O-10B 2 O 3 glass sample was excellent glass in terms of shielding for uncharged and charged radiation. The results of this research can be useful for variation radiation shielding purpose.

Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection, 2016

Mass attenuation coefficient of lead-based ceramics have been measured by experimental methods and compared with theoretical and Monte Carlo simulation results. Lead-based ceramics were prepared using mixed oxide method and the X-ray diffraction analysis was done to evaluate the crystal structure of the produced handmade ceramics. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical and simulation results. However at two gamma ray energies, small differences between experimental and theoretical results have been observed. By adding other additives to ceramics and observing the changes in the shielding properties such as flexibility, one can synthesize and optimize ceramics as a neutron shield.