Activities of Paul Hindemith, a German Artist, for Regulating Turkish Musical Life
Yazarlar (1)
Doç. Dr. Saadet ALTAY Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi, Türkiye
| Makale Türü | Özgün Makale (SCOPUS dergilerinde yayınlanan tam makale) | ||
| Dergi Adı | Journal of Modern Turkish History | ||
| Dergi ISSN | 1305-1458 Wos Dergi Scopus Dergi | ||
| Makale Dili | İngilizce | Basım Tarihi | 03-2022 |
| Cilt / Sayı / Sayfa | 18 / 35 / 425–457 | DOI | – |
| Özet |
| Following the proclamation of the Republic, radical transformations were put into effect in all areas of society to bring the national culture to the level of contemporary civilization, and the process of reconstruction of both music education and music institutions was launched. From 1924, talented Turkish young people were sent abroad for Western music education, and Ankara Music Teachers' School was opened in the same year. The Eastern Music Department of Darülelhan was closed at the end of 1926, and the name of the school was changed to Istanbul Municipal Conservatory. In 1934, the National Music and Representation Academy was established by merging the Music Teachers' School, the Presidential Philharmonic Orchestra, and the Representation Branch. Authorities from the Ministry of Culture and young Turkish musicians came together on November 26, 1934 to guide the national music and discuss the measures to be taken in this regard. After the meetings, and a report called the Outlines of the Turkish State Music and Theater Academy was published. Accordingly, Ankara Music Teachers' School was converted into the State Conservatory. Despite all the efforts spent towards the works produced in the field of music and towards reconstruction, when it was understood that the desired radical change would not be achieved with young people between the ages of 25-30 who returned to the country after studying abroad, German composer Paul Hindemith, one of the important names of Germany, was invited to Turkey. Hindemith, who visited Turkey four times between 1935 and 1937, prepared three reports. In these reports, he discussed the problems in Turkish music life and how institutionalization and educational activities needed to be. Hindemith's reports and recommendations were taken into account during the establishment of the Ankara State Conservatory in 1936. A Folklore Archive was established in the Conservatory with the suggestion of the German expert, who described Turkish folk music as a treasure and recommended it as a source in polyphonic music studies. Some authorities in the field of music and theater started to come to Turkey with the suggestion of Hindemith, and efficient and qualified studies were carried out in the process. In addition to these positive developments, there were also some negative instances. The conflicts between the foreign musicians employed in the Orchestra with the advice of Hindemith and Turkish musicians resulted in interruptions in the studies. In addition, the Conservatory was opened before the date recommended by the German expert. Turkish composers could not produce joint works and create a common form and style since they did not give up on their individuality. Therefore, they could not gain the desired appreciation in society. In conclusion, when all developments are evaluated, it is an undeniable fact that Paul Hindemith played an important role both in institutionalization studies and in determining the principles of transformation in Turkish music life. |
| Anahtar Kelimeler |
| Ankara State Conservatory | Music Teachers’ School | National Music and Representation Academy | Paul Hindemith | Paul Hindemith’s Reports | Turkish Music Reform |
